Which literary device involves directly addressing a person or a personified idea?

The correct choice is B, as apostrophe is a specific literary device used to directly address a person who is not present, an abstract idea, or even an inanimate object. This technique allows the speaker to express feelings or thoughts in a more personal and emotional manner.

For example, in poetry and literature, a character might address the moon or a deceased loved one as if they can hear and respond. This gives the writing depth and can enhance themes of longing or nostalgia.

In contrast, a metaphor compares two unlike things to create a new meaning but does not involve direct address. Alliteration refers to the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words, enhancing the musical quality of language without implying direct address. Personification attributes human characteristics to non-human entities but does not involve speaking directly to them. Thus, apostrophe stands out as the device specifically linked to the act of directly addressing someone or something.